Project 4230: I. L. Magalhaes, M. J. Ramírez. 2022. Phylogeny and biogeography of the ancient spider family Filistatidae (Araneae) is consistent both with long‐distance dispersal and vicariance following continental drift. Cladistics. 38 (5):538-562.
Abstract
Filistatids, the crevice weavers, are an ancient family of cribellate spiders without extant close relatives. As one of the first lineages of araneomorph spiders, they present a complicated mixture of primitive and derived characters that make them a key taxon to elucidate the phylogeny of spiders, as well as the evolution of phenotypic characters in this group. Their moderate diversity (187 species in 19 genera) is distributed mainly in arid and semi-arid subtropical zones of all continents, except Antarctica. The objective of this paper is to generate a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for this family to advance the understanding of its morphological evolution and biogeography, as well as lay the basis for a natural classification scheme. By studying the morphology using optical and electronic microscopy techniques, we produced a matrix of 302 morphological characters coded for a sample of 103 species of filistatids chosen to represent the phylogenetic diversity of the family. In addition, we included sequences of four molecular markers (COI, 16S, H3 and 28S; 3787 aligned positions) of 70 filistatid species. The analysis of the data (morphological, molecular, and combined) consistently indicates the separation of the Filistatidae into two subfamilies, Prithinae and Filistatinae, in addition to supporting several groups of genera: Filistata, Zaitunia and an undescribed genus from Madagascar; Sahastata and Kukulcania; all Prithinae except Filistatinella and Microfilistata; Antilloides and Filistatoides; a large Old World group including Pritha, Tricalamus, Afrofilistata, Labahitha, Yardiella, Wandella and putative new genera; and a South American group formed by Lihuelistata, Pikelinia and Misionella. Pholcoides is transferred to Filistatinae and Microfilistata is transferred to Prithinae, and each represents the sister group to the remaining genera of its own subfamily. Most genera are valid, although Pikelinia is paraphyletic with respect to Misionella, so we consider the two genera as synonyms and propose a few new generic combinations. Considering the new phylogenetic hypothesis, we discuss the evolution of some morphological character systems and the biogeography of the family. The ages of divergence between clades were estimated using a total-evidence tip-dating approach by including fossils of Filistatidae and early spider clades; this approach resulted in younger age estimates than those obtained with traditional node-dating. Filistatidae is an ancient family that started diversifying in the Mesozoic and most genera date to the Cretaceous. Clades displaying transcontinental distributions were most likely affected by continental drift, but at least one clade shows unequivocal signs of transoceanic long-distance dispersal.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/cla.12505
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4230, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4230
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 26814 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 302 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 651 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:284/18 |
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MorphoBank Project 4230
MorphoBank Project 4230
- Creation Date:
13 April 2022 - Publication Date:
16 August 2022 - Project views: 5911
- Matrix downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 125 | 1 | 0 | 302 | 0 | 0 | 26814 (23800, 0, 3014) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Ivan Magalhães Full membership | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28750' (125 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Chimerarachne yingi Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 251 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Heptathela kimurai Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 38 | 225 | 222 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Palaeothele montceauensis Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 287 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Antrodiaetus unicolor Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 41 | 205 | 203 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Rosamygale grauvogeli Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 277 | 22 | 21 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Calisoga longitarsis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 29 | 202 | 199 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Archoleptoneta schusteri Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 45 | 218 | 214 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Thaida peculiaris Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 24 | 250 | 243 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Hickmania troglodytes Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 38 | 238 | 235 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Seppo koponeni Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 271 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Otiothops birabeni Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 31 | 211 | 210 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Stegodyphus sp Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 53 | 217 | 215 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Amaurobius similis Last Modified in 08/11/22 | 23 | 249 | 244 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Zamilia quattuormammillae Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 261 | 39 | 37 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Uroctea sp Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 50 | 200 | 197 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Eoplectreurys gertschi Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 253 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Ariadna boesenbergi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 24 | 222 | 220 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Montsecarachne amicorum Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 250 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Drymusa serrana Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 20 | 227 | 223 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Kibramoa suprenans Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 12 | 222 | 218 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Artema atlanta Last Modified in 08/11/22 | 30 | 202 | 199 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Hypochilus pococki Last Modified in 08/11/22 | 7 | 255 | 251 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Filistatinae ifmsp28 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 132 | 152 | 152 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Filistata insidiatrix Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 12 | 262 | 259 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Filistata ifmsp142 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 189 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Filistata teideensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 122 | 162 | 160 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Filistata lehtineni Last Modified in 08/11/22 | 148 | 133 | 131 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Filistata pygmaea Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 157 | 126 | 125 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Filistata lubinae Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 141 | 144 | 141 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Filistata maguirei Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 151 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Zaitunia schmitzi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 20 | 255 | 251 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Zaitunia logunovi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 102 | 186 | 183 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Zaitunia beshkentica Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 67 | 216 | 212 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Zaitunia minuta Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 190 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Zaitunia martynovae Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 84 | 199 | 198 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Kukulcania hibernalis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 9 | 266 | 263 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Kukulcania geophila Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 25 | 251 | 247 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Kukulcania hurca Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 30 | 240 | 238 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Kukulcania tractans Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 29 | 243 | 240 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Kukulcania santosi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 40 | 237 | 234 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Kukulcania bajacali Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 70 | 206 | 205 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Kukulcania arizonica Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 95 | 182 | 181 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Kukulcania cochimi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 119 | 160 | 159 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] Kukulcania mexicana Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 110 | 171 | 169 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] Sahastata nigra Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 41 | 235 | 233 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] Sahastata sinuspersica Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 149 | 134 | 132 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] Sahastata wesolowskae Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 46 | 231 | 230 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] Sahastata wunderlichi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 65 | 220 | 218 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] Microfilistata magalhaesi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 202 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] Microfilistata ovchinnikovi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 95 | 191 | 188 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] Pholcoides afghana Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 206 | 86 | 84 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] Filistatinella domestica Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 26 | 247 | 246 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] Filistatinella howdyall Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 61 | 213 | 212 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] Filistatinella kahloae Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 102 | 176 | 175 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] Filistatinella pistrix Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 60 | 214 | 213 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] Filistatinella spatulata Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 122 | 157 | 155 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] Andoharano simoni Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 26 | 249 | 249 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] Andoharano ramirezi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 95 | 183 | 183 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] Andoharano griswoldi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 50 | 228 | 228 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] Andoharano sp IFM0449 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 236 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] Antilloides chupacabras Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 52 | 233 | 229 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] Antilloides abeli Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 50 | 230 | 226 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] Antilloides haitises Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 52 | 220 | 218 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Antilloides didicostae Last Modified in 08/16/22 | 243 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] Filistatoides insignis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 19 | 249 | 248 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] Filistatoides ifmsp14 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 49 | 224 | 223 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] Filistatoides ifmsp23 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 27 | 246 | 244 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] Filistatoides ifmsp46 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 52 | 221 | 217 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] Filistatoides ifmsp113 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 82 | 195 | 194 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] Lihuelistata metamerica Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 25 | 249 | 246 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] Misionella mendensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 15 | 262 | 262 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] Misionella pallida Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 30 | 244 | 244 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] Misionella carajas Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 67 | 207 | 207 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] Misionella jaminawa Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 36 | 240 | 239 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] Misionella ifmsp149 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 126 | 153 | 153 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] Pikelinia colloncura Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 91 | 202 | 201 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] Pikelinia tambilloi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 15 | 269 | 268 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] Pikelinia ifmsp01 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 30 | 261 | 260 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] Pikelinia ifmsp02 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 31 | 256 | 255 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] Pikelinia ifmsp04 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 90 | 204 | 204 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] Pikelinia ifmsp05 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 31 | 254 | 253 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] Pikelinia ifmsp50 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 192 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] Pikelinia ifmsp52 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 193 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] Pikelinia ifmsp66 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 27 | 252 | 252 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] Pikelinia ifmsp82 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 86 | 205 | 204 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] Pikelinia ifmsp87 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 68 | 219 | 218 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] Pikelinia ifmsp94 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 72 | 218 | 217 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[88] Pikelinia ifmsp95 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 47 | 240 | 239 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[89] Pikelinia ifmsp96 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 53 | 227 | 225 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[90] Pikelinia ifmsp139 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 114 | 180 | 179 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[91] Pikelinia ifmsp143 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 30 | 246 | 245 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[92] Pikelinia ifmsp165 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 39 | 248 | 247 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[93] Pikelinia ifmsp166 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 161 | 135 | 133 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[94] Pikelinia ifmsp175 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 191 | 107 | 106 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[95] Pikelinia kolla Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 90 | 203 | 201 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[96] Pikelinia mahuell Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 104 | 192 | 188 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[97] Pikelinia milloti Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 102 | 193 | 191 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[98] Pikelinia roigi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 64 | 229 | 229 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[99] Pikelinia uspallata Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 188 | 112 | 112 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[100] Tricalamus ifmsp72 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 78 | 201 | 200 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[101] Tricalamus tetragonius Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 125 | 156 | 156 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[102] Pritha cf napadensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 96 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[103] Pritha parva Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 67 | 207 | 207 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[104] Pritha nana Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 55 | 216 | 212 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[105] Pritha tenuispina Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 104 | 172 | 172 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[106] Pritha pallida Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 120 | 161 | 161 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[107] Pritha ifmsp172 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 140 | 154 | 152 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[108] Afrofilistata fradei Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 43 | 231 | 228 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[109] Afrofilistata ifmsp152 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 107 | 173 | 172 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[110] Tricalamus menglaensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 69 | 204 | 204 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[111] Prithinae ifmsp25 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 69 | 201 | 201 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[112] Prithinae ifmsp169 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 22 | 243 | 240 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[113] Prithinae ifmsp168 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 75 | 205 | 204 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[114] Prithinae ifmsp170 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 184 | 110 | 109 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[115] Prithinae ifmsp174 Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 185 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[116] Labahitha fuscata Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 85 | 192 | 191 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[117] Labahitha marginata Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 33 | 239 | 239 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[118] Labahitha garciai Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 34 | 240 | 239 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[119] Labahitha oonopiformis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 108 | 176 | 174 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[120] Wandella murrayensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 23 | 253 | 252 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[121] Wandella stuartensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 31 | 247 | 244 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[122] Wandella australiensis Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 44 | 230 | 230 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[123] Wandella orana Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 66 | 211 | 211 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[124] Wandella parnabyi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 111 | 173 | 172 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[125] Yardiella humphreysi Last Modified in 04/13/22 | 44 | 233 | 230 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
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Documents list | 232 | |
Specimen list | 736 | |
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Bibliography | 192 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 4 | |
Project downloads | 2 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | Matrix of phenotypic characters (2 downloads); |