Project 4119: E. J. Hermsen, T. N. Taylor, E. L. Taylor, D. W. Stevenson. 2006. Cataphylls of the Middle Triassic cycad Antarcticycas schopfii and new insights into cycad evolution. American Journal of Botany. 93 (5):724-738.
Abstract
Cataphylls associated with the Middle Triassic stem genus Antarcticycas are described, and their impact on understanding cycad evolution is discussed. The cataphylls of Antarcticycas are triangular in outline and flattened adaxially with lateral flanges. The outer surfaces are covered with a ramentum of filamentous hairs, the epidermis is a single cell layer thick, and the ground tissue is parenchymatous with mucilage canals and sclereids. Vascular bundles form a distinct inverted omega-shaped pattern characteristic of the Cycadales observed in petioles of extant species. The structures in Antarcticycas are interpreted as cataphylls based on overall morphology, presence of straight vascular strands in the cortex of the associated stem, and lack of fascicular cambia in the vascular bundles. Because much of the overall diversity of Cycadales is represented by fossils, integrating fossil taxa into explicit phylogenetic hypotheses is important for understanding cycad evolution. Therefore, character and minimum age mapping were performed on a phylogeny of extant and fossil taxa including Antarcticycas. The results suggest that major extant lineages of Cycadales had diverged by the Permian to Triassic and that certain synapomorphies for Cycadales had evolved by the Permian. Evidence of insect feeding on Antarcticycas suggests that associations between cycads and insects are ancient.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.5.724
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4119, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4119
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1334 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 69 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 167 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:69/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4119
MorphoBank Project 4119
- Creation Date:
10 November 2021 - Publication Date:
29 December 2021 - Project views: 8134
- Matrix downloads: 1
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Kansas
- New York Botanical Garden
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 32 | 1 | 1 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 1334 (1299, 0, 35) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Elizabeth Hermsen Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27704' (32 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Marattiales Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 55 | 52 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Ginkgoales Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 4 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Mesospermae Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 1 | 96 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Bowenia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Stangeria Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Cycas Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 76 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Crossozamia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 54 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Dioon Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Dioonopsis Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 49 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Lyssoxylon Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 58 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Encephalartos Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 75 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Lepidozamia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Macrozamia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 74 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Ceratozamia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 71 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Microcycas Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Zamia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 0 | 72 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Chigua Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 2 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Sueria Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 48 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Ticoa Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 49 | 21 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Almargemia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 49 | 19 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Mesodescolea Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 49 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Kurtziana Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 49 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Ctenis Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 50 | 20 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Bjuvia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 49 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Bororoa Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 57 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Menucoa Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 57 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Antarcticycas Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 54 | 16 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Michelilloa Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 59 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Fascivarioxylon Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 58 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Charmorgia Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 57 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Nilssoniocladus Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 52 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † NILANBE Last Modified in 11/10/21 | 26 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 8134 | |
Project overview | 634 | |
Matrix views | 424 | Matrix landing page (359 views); Morphological matrix from Hermsen et al. 2006 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (65 views); |
Media views | 1605 | Media search (1363 views); M824243 (242 views); |
Documents list | 383 | |
Bibliography | 279 | |
Views for media list | 508 | |
Specimen list | 788 | |
Taxon list | 3513 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 41 | |
Project downloads | 40 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Morphological matrix from Hermsen et al. 2006 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (1 download); |