Project 3708: M. Iijima, Y. Kobayashi. 2019. Mosaic nature in the skeleton of East Asian crocodylians fills the morphological gap between “Tomistominae” and Gavialinae. Cladistics. 35 (6):623-632.
Abstract
Crocodylian systematics has long been confounded by conflicting hypotheses of higher level relationships—although molecular data sets strongly supported the sister‐taxon relationship of Tomistoma and Gavialis, morphological data sets placed Gavialis as sister to all other living taxa. One of the perceived difficulties in interpreting morphological character evolution on the molecular tree is the extensive character reversal occurring in Gavialinae, the mechanism of which has yet to be explained. Here, we provide evidence of gavialine‐specific atavistic characters from East Asian “tomistomines” Penghusuchus pani and Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis. These taxa exhibit a mosaic assembly of “tomistomine” and gavialine features, which fill the gap between the two longirostrine groups. Although the parsimony analysis of morphological data (69 taxa, 254 characters) still supports the previous morphological hypothesis, the alternative tree that was forced to fit the molecular hypothesis was insignificantly (5/954 steps; 0.52%) longer than the unconstrained tree, suggesting that morphological evolution can also be interpreted on the molecular tree. Although the problem of stratigraphic gaps remains, future studies may be directed to resolving the interrelationships within Gavialoidea, a large longirostrine group of crocodylians, in the molecular tree context.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/cla.12372
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3708, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3708
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 10730 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 254 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 599 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:254/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3708
MorphoBank Project 3708
- Creation Date:
22 April 2020 - Publication Date:
23 April 2020 - Project views: 8151
- Media downloads: 2
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- Hokkaido University
- Nagoya University
- Phoenix Bioinformatics
- Hefei University of Technology
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Masaya Iijima Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26800' (69 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Bernissartia fagesii Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 86 | 168 | 168 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Iharkutosuchus makadii Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 126 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Hylaeochampsa vectiana Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 152 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Allodaposuchus precedens Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 142 | 112 | 112 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Eothoracosaurus mississippiensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 116 | 138 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Eosuchus lerichei Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Eosuchus minor Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 77 | 178 | 177 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Ocepesuchus eoafricanus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 211 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Thoracosaurus macrorhynchus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 85 | 169 | 169 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Thoracosaurus neocesariensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 100 | 155 | 154 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Aktiogavialis portoricensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 219 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Eogavialis africanum Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 75 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Argochampsa krebsi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 122 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Piscogavialis jugaliperforatus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 111 | 144 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Ikanogavialis gameroi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 144 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Siquisiquesuchus venezuelensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 164 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Gryposuchus colombianus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 73 | 182 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Gavialis gangeticus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 0 | 254 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Siwalik gavialis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 118 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Borealosuchus sternbergii Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 46 | 208 | 208 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Borealosuchus wilsoni Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 105 | 149 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Borealosuchus formidabilis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 32 | 222 | 222 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Leidyosuchus canadensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 75 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Diplocynodon darwini Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 65 | 189 | 189 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Caiman crocodilus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 0 | 257 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Alligator mississippiensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 0 | 255 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Brachychampsa montana Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 44 | 210 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Stangerochampsa mccabei Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 65 | 189 | 189 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Planocrania hengdongensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 171 | 84 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Planocrania datangensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 177 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Boverisuchus vorax Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 67 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Asiatosuchus germanicus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 94 | 160 | 160 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Prodiplocynodon langi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 133 | 121 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Crocodylus depressifrons Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 69 | 185 | 185 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Crocodylus affinis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 32 | 222 | 222 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Crocodylus acer Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 123 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Brachyuranochampsa eversolei Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 131 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Crocodylus megarhinus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 106 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Harpacochampsa camfieldensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 171 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Kambara Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 77 | 177 | 177 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Australosuchus clarkae Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 101 | 153 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Mecistops cataphractus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 1 | 253 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Crocodylus porosus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 0 | 254 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] Crocodylus niloticus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 0 | 254 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] Crocodylus rhombifer Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 1 | 253 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] Crocodylus palaeindicus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 93 | 161 | 161 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] Rimasuchus lloydi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 131 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] Voay robustus Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 58 | 196 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] Osteolaemus tetraspis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 0 | 254 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] Euthecodon brumpti Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 95 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] Euthecodon arambourgi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 135 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] Maroccosuchus zennaroi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 92 | 163 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] Kentisuchus spenceri Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 115 | 139 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] Megadontosuchus arduini Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 177 | 78 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] Dollosuchoides densmorei Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 95 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] Thecachampsa carolinensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 99 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] Thecachampsa antiqua Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 61 | 193 | 193 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] Penghusuchus pani Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 92 | 162 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] Yage tomisotomine Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 170 | 91 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 68 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] Tomistoma cairense Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 143 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] Tomistoma coppensi Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 150 | 106 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] Paratomistoma courti Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 183 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] Tomistoma schlegelii Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 1 | 253 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] Tomistoma lusitanica Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 96 | 162 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 153 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] Xaymacachampsa kugleri Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 231 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] Kentisuchus astrei Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 214 | 42 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] Maomingosuchus petrolica Last Modified in 06/30/20 | 54 | 201 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 8151 | |
Project overview | 600 | |
Documents list | 365 | |
Bibliography | 271 | |
Media views | 1417 | Media search (1194 views); M687529 (223 views); |
Views for media list | 486 | |
Specimen list | 825 | |
Taxon list | 3855 | |
Matrix views | 332 | Matrix landing page (298 views); Morphological matrix from Iijima et al. 2019 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (34 views); |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 33 | |
Project downloads | 30 | |
Media downloads | 2 | M687529 (2 downloads); |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Morphological matrix from Iijima et al. 2019 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (1 download); |