Project 3617: B. Bai, J. Meng, C. Zhang, Y. Gong, Y. Wang. 2020. The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla). Communications Biology. 3 (1):null.
Abstract
Rhinoceroses have been considered to have originated from tapiroids in the middle Eocene; however, the transition remains controversial, and the first unequivocal rhinocerotoids appeared about 4 Ma later than the earliest tapiroids of the Early Eocene. Here we describe 5 genera and 6 new species of rhinoceroses recently discovered from the early Eocene to the early middle Eocene deposits of the Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia, China. These new materials represent the earliest members of rhinocerotoids, forstercooperiids, and/or hyrachyids, and bridge the evolutionary gap between the early Eocene ceratomorphs and middle Eocene rhinocerotoids. The phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian inference methods support their affinities with rhinocerotoids, and also illuminate the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Ceratomorpha, although some discrepancies are present between the two criteria. The nearly contemporary occurrence of various rhinocerotoids indicates that the divergence of different rhinocerotoid groups occurred no later than the late early Eocene, which is soon after the split between the rhinocerotoids and the tapiroids in the early early Eocene. However, the Bayesian tip-dating estimate suggests that the divergence of different ceratomorph groups occurred in the middle Paleocene.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01205-8
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3617, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3617
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 16013 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 361 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1021 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:361/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3617
MorphoBank Project 3617
- Creation Date:
16 January 2020 - Publication Date:
30 September 2020 - Project views: 12602
- Matrix downloads: 23
Authors' Institutions
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Bin Bai Project Administrator | 66 | 1 | 1 | 361 | 0 | 0 | 16013 (15087, 0, 926) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27009' (65 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Sifrhippus sandrae Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 200 | 157 | 154 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Protorohippus venticolum Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 65 | 282 | 282 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Orientolophus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 325 | 36 | 35 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Cardiolophus radinskyi Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 73 | 274 | 271 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Homogalax protapirinus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 61 | 296 | 286 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Chowliia laoshanensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 117 | 232 | 228 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Meridiolophus expansus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 254 | 104 | 103 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Isectolophus latidens Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 91 | 269 | 257 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Karagalax mamikhelensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 113 | 244 | 236 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Gandheralophus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 149 | 209 | 207 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Yimengia Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 95 | 253 | 249 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Rhodopagus pygmaeus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 126 | 221 | 216 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Indolophus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 302 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Heptodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 18 | 338 | 326 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Helaletes nanus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 89 | 258 | 255 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Desmatotherium intermedius Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 117 | 233 | 231 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Paracolodon fissus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 118 | 231 | 230 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Dilophodon minusculus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 176 | 172 | 172 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Selenaletes scopaeus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 315 | 46 | 42 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Colodon occidentalis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 28 | 315 | 313 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Plesiocolopirus hancocki Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 109 | 239 | 237 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Hesperaletes borineyi Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 149 | 205 | 199 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Irenolophus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 46 | 298 | 297 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Telelophus medius Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 90 | 248 | 248 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Deperetella Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 107 | 231 | 230 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Minchenoletes erlianensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 251 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Schlosseria magister Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 79 | 273 | 272 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Lophialetes expeditus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 46 | 308 | 305 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Eoletes Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 84 | 272 | 268 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Ampholophus luensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 261 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Kalakotia Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 143 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Breviodon acares Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 127 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Protapirus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 45 | 299 | 297 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] Tapirus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 23 | 315 | 315 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Hyrachyus modestus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 19 | 332 | 329 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Ephyrachyus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 125 | 234 | 228 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Fouchia Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 128 | 220 | 220 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Triplopus sp. nov. Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 254 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Triplopus cubitalus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 72 | 277 | 276 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Epitriplopus uintensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 100 | 256 | 253 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Triplopides rieli Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 127 | 217 | 217 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Prohyracodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 196 | 154 | 152 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Hyracodon nebraskensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 22 | 331 | 330 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Ardynia Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 96 | 244 | 243 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Gobioceras Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 287 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Pappaceras Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 38 | 318 | 316 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Fostercooperia Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 49 | 309 | 302 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Proeggysodon qiui Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 242 | 113 | 112 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Eggysodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 117 | 239 | 234 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Juxia Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 22 | 335 | 331 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Urtinotherium Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 107 | 245 | 245 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Paraceratherium Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 41 | 299 | 299 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Rostriamynodon grangeri Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 177 | 167 | 167 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Caenolophus promissus Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 275 | 83 | 81 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Amynodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 48 | 291 | 288 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Sharamynodon mongoliensis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 67 | 271 | 268 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Cadurcodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 107 | 215 | 213 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Paramynodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 160 | 169 | 169 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Metamynodon Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 70 | 273 | 271 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Uintaceras radinskyi Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 83 | 272 | 270 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Teletaceras Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 74 | 282 | 281 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Trigonias Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 23 | 330 | 326 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Subhyracodon occidentalis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 40 | 306 | 303 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Menoceras arikarense Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 38 | 300 | 300 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] Rhinoceros unicornis Last Modified in 10/28/20 | 13 | 327 | 325 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 12602 | |
Project overview | 916 | |
Media views | 2160 | Media search (1838 views); M693911 (322 views); |
Matrix views | 685 | Matrix landing page (635 views); (2 views); Ceratomorpha Phylogeny (48 views); |
Specimen list | 1173 | |
Taxon list | 6486 | |
Bibliography | 444 | |
Views for media list | 735 | |
Documents list | 3 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 147 | |
Matrix downloads | 23 | (4 downloads); Ceratomorpha Phylogeny (19 downloads); |
Project downloads | 124 |