Morphobank

Project 3521: M. R. Borths, N. J. Stevens. 2019. Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, ‘Creodonta,’ Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1):e1570222.

Specimen: † Simbakubwa (unvouchered)
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Abstract

Hyainailourine hyaenodonts are among the largest terrestrial carnivorous mammals known. The clade is widely dispersed, found in Eurasia, North America, and Afro-Arabia in the Paleogene and early Neogene. In this study, we describe dental and postcranial material from Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov., the most complete hyainailourine known from sub-Saharan Africa. The material is from a relatively young adult from the early Miocene locality of Meswa Bridge, Kenya. Simbakubwa differs from Hyainailouros in exhibiting lingually oriented molar protocones, gracile metastyles, and buccolingually compressed, shearing canines. Like other large Miocene hyainailourines, Simbakubwa has deep carnassial notches on the molars and tall paracones fused to shorter metacones forming single piercing cusps. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis recovers Simbakubwa as the sister taxon of a clade of large-bodied Miocene hyainailourines that includes Hyainailouros and Megistotherium. Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction supports an Afro-Arabian origin for Hyainailourinae with subsequent dispersal to Eurasia during the early Miocene. Regression analysis based on carnassial size is applied to Simbakubwa and closely related hyainailourines, recovering a body mass up to 1,500 kg for the new taxon. The evolution and extinction of Hyainailourinae offers important insights for interpreting ecological transitions from Paleogene to Neogene faunas in Afro-Arabia and Eurasia.

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Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3521, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3521

This project contains	Matrices
1 Media 1 Matrix 93 Taxa 1 Specimen 156 Characters Total size of project's media files: 44.5k Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 7610 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 156 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 382 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:137/19

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MorphoBank Project 3521

Creation Date:
29 August 2019
Publication Date:
26 September 2019
Project views: 14593
Matrix downloads: 29

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Ohio University

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Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26212' (93 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Maelestes gobiensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	47	110	109	0	0	0	0	1
[2] † Altacreodus Last Modified in 09/26/19	67	96	89	0	0	0	0	1
[3] † Akhnatenavus leptognathus Last Modified in 09/26/19	72	84	84	0	0	0	0	1
[4] † Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon Last Modified in 09/26/19	59	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[5] † Allopterodon torvidus Last Modified in 09/26/19	63	93	93	0	0	0	0	1
[6] † Anasinopa spp Last Modified in 09/26/19	54	102	102	0	0	0	0	1
[7] † Apterodon gaudryi Last Modified in 09/26/19	87	69	69	0	0	0	0	1
[8] † Apterodon langebadrae Last Modified in 09/26/19	46	110	110	0	0	0	0	1
[9] † Apterodon macrognathus Last Modified in 09/26/19	3	153	153	0	0	0	0	1
[10] † Arfia gingerichi Last Modified in 09/26/19	79	77	77	0	0	0	0	1
[11] † Arfia opisthotoma Last Modified in 09/26/19	65	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[12] † Arfia shoshoniensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	59	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[13] † Boritia duffaudi Last Modified in 09/26/19	101	55	55	0	0	0	0	1
[14] † Boualitomus Last Modified in 09/26/19	104	52	52	0	0	0	0	1
[15] † Brychotherium ephalmos Last Modified in 09/26/19	55	101	101	0	0	0	0	1
[16] † Buhakia spp. Last Modified in 09/26/19	99	57	56	0	0	0	0	1
[17] † Cynohyaenodon cayluxi Last Modified in 09/26/19	42	114	114	0	0	0	0	1
[18] † Cynohyaenodon trux Last Modified in 09/26/19	68	89	88	0	0	0	0	1
[19] † Dissopsalis carnifex Last Modified in 09/26/19	59	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[20] † Dissopsalis pyroclasticus Last Modified in 09/26/19	70	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[21] † Eoproviverra Last Modified in 09/26/19	109	47	47	0	0	0	0	1
[22] † Eurotherium matthesi Last Modified in 09/26/19	35	121	121	0	0	0	0	1
[23] † Eurotherium theriodis Last Modified in 09/26/19	49	107	107	0	0	0	0	1
[24] † Exiguodon pilgrimi Last Modified in 09/26/19	73	83	83	0	0	0	0	1
[25] † Falcatodon schlosseri Last Modified in 09/26/19	77	80	79	0	0	0	0	1
[26] † Furodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	84	72	72	0	0	0	0	1
[27] † Galecyon chronius Last Modified in 09/26/19	65	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[28] † Galecyon mordax Last Modified in 09/26/19	88	69	68	0	0	0	0	1
[29] † Galecyon morloi Last Modified in 09/26/19	92	64	64	0	0	0	0	1
[30] † Galecyon peregrinus Last Modified in 09/26/19	108	49	48	0	0	0	0	1
[31] † Gazinocyon whiteae Last Modified in 09/26/19	53	103	103	0	0	0	0	1
[32] † Glibzegdouia Last Modified in 09/26/19	115	41	41	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Hemipsalodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	49	107	107	0	0	0	0	1
[34] † Hyaenodon ergiliyndzo Last Modified in 09/26/19	38	118	118	0	0	0	0	1
[35] † Hyaenodon exiguus Last Modified in 09/26/19	46	110	110	0	0	0	0	1
[36] † Hyaenodon horridus Last Modified in 09/26/19	4	152	152	0	0	0	0	1
[37] † Hyaenodon minor Last Modified in 09/26/19	30	126	126	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Hyaenodon neimongoliensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	80	77	76	0	0	0	0	1
[39] † Hyainailouros bugtiensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	96	60	60	0	0	0	0	1
[40] † Hyainailouros napakensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	130	26	26	0	0	0	0	1
[41] † Hyainailouros sulzeri Last Modified in 09/26/19	58	100	98	0	0	0	0	1
[42] † Arrisdrift hyainailourine Last Modified in 09/26/19	125	31	31	0	0	0	0	1
[43] † Indohyaenodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[44] † Isohyaenodon andrewsi Last Modified in 09/26/19	109	47	47	0	0	0	0	1
[45] † Isohyaenodon zadoki Last Modified in 09/26/19	98	58	58	0	0	0	0	1
[46] † Kerberos Last Modified in 09/26/19	37	119	119	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Koholia Last Modified in 09/26/19	131	25	25	0	0	0	0	1
[48] † Kyawdawia Last Modified in 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[49] † Lahimia Last Modified in 09/26/19	123	33	33	0	0	0	0	1
[50] † Leakitherium hiwegi Last Modified in 09/26/19	60	96	96	0	0	0	0	1
[51] † Leonhardtina gracilis Last Modified in 09/26/19	55	102	101	0	0	0	0	1
[52] † Lesmesodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	88	68	68	0	0	0	0	1
[53] † Limnocyon verus Last Modified in 09/26/19	31	125	125	0	0	0	0	1
[54] † Masrasector aegypticum Last Modified in 09/26/19	122	34	34	0	0	0	0	1
[55] † Masrasector ligabuei Last Modified in 09/26/19	124	32	32	0	0	0	0	1
[56] † Masrasector nananubis Last Modified in 09/26/19	25	131	131	0	0	0	0	1
[57] † Matthodon tritens Last Modified in 09/26/19	88	68	68	0	0	0	0	1
[58] † Megistotherium Last Modified in 09/26/19	77	79	79	0	0	0	0	1
[59] † Metapterodon kaiseri Last Modified in 09/26/19	126	30	30	0	0	0	0	1
[60] † Metasinopa spp Last Modified in 09/26/19	61	95	95	0	0	0	0	1
[61] † Mlanyama sugu Last Modified in 09/26/19	117	39	39	0	0	0	0	1
[62] † Morlodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	79	77	77	0	0	0	0	1
[63] † Orienspterodon dahkoensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	77	79	79	0	0	0	0	1
[64] † Oxyaenoides bicuspidens Last Modified in 09/26/19	64	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[65] † Oxyaenoides lindgreni Last Modified in 09/26/19	93	63	63	0	0	0	0	1
[66] † Paratritemnodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	70	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[67] † Paroxyaena sp Last Modified in 09/26/19	58	99	98	0	0	0	0	1
[68] † Parvagula palulae Last Modified in 09/26/19	111	45	45	0	0	0	0	1
[69] † Parvavorodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	100	56	56	0	0	0	0	1
[70] † Preregidens langebadrae Last Modified in 09/26/19	109	47	47	0	0	0	0	1
[71] † Prolimnocyon atavus Last Modified in 09/26/19	47	109	109	0	0	0	0	1
[72] † Prolimnocyon chowi Last Modified in 09/26/19	106	50	50	0	0	0	0	1
[73] † Propterodon morrisi Last Modified in 09/26/19	69	87	87	0	0	0	0	1
[74] † Propterodon tongi Last Modified in 09/26/19	102	54	54	0	0	0	0	1
[75] † Prototomus minimus Last Modified in 09/26/19	78	78	78	0	0	0	0	1
[76] † Prototomus phobos Last Modified in 09/26/19	46	111	110	0	0	0	0	1
[77] † Proviverra Last Modified in 09/26/19	56	100	100	0	0	0	0	1
[78] † Pterodon africanus Last Modified in 09/26/19	47	109	109	0	0	0	0	1
[79] † Pterodon dasyuroides Last Modified in 09/26/19	29	128	127	0	0	0	0	1
[80] † Pterodon phiomensis Last Modified in 09/26/19	100	56	56	0	0	0	0	1
[81] † Pyrocyon strenuus Last Modified in 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[82] † Quasiapterodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[83] † Quercytherium simplicidens Last Modified in 09/26/19	53	103	103	0	0	0	0	1
[84] † Quercytherium tenebrosum Last Modified in 09/26/19	71	86	85	0	0	0	0	1
[85] † Sectisodon markgrafi Last Modified in 09/26/19	128	28	28	0	0	0	0	1
[86] † Simbakubwa Last Modified in 09/26/19	74	82	82	0	0	0	0	1
[87] † Sinopa grangeri Last Modified in 09/26/19	21	136	135	0	0	0	0	1
[88] † Sinopa jilinia Last Modified in 09/26/19	112	44	44	0	0	0	0	1
[89] † Sivapterodon lahirii Last Modified in 09/26/19	133	23	23	0	0	0	0	1
[90] † Teratodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	74	82	82	0	0	0	0	1
[91] † Thinocyon Last Modified in 09/26/19	35	121	121	0	0	0	0	1
[92] † Tinerhodon Last Modified in 09/26/19	110	46	46	0	0	0	0	1
[93] † Tritemnodon agilis Last Modified in 09/26/19	28	128	128	0	0	0	0	1

Project views

type	number of views	Individual items viewed (where applicable)
Total project views	14593
Project overview	1137
Matrix views	985	Data matrix (173 views); Matrix landing page (812 views);
Media views	2607	Media search (2194 views); M676549 (413 views);
Views for media list	814
Bibliography	506
Taxon list	7181
Specimen list	1357
Documents list	6

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	176
Project downloads	147
Matrix downloads	29	Data matrix (29 downloads);