Project 2770: A. C. Pritchard, S. J. Nesbitt. 2017. A bird-like skull in a Triassic diapsid reptile increases heterogeneity of the morphological and phylogenetic radiation of Diapsida. Royal Society Open Science. 4 (10):170499.
Abstract
The Triassic Period saw the first appearance of numerous amniote lineages (e.g. Lepidosauria, Archosauria, Mammalia) that defined Mesozoic ecosystems following the end Permian Mass Extinction, as well as the first major morphological diversification of crown-group reptiles. Unfortunately, much of our understanding of this event comes from the record of large-bodied reptiles (total body length > 1 m). Here we present a new species of drepanosaurid (small-bodied, chameleon-like diapsids) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of New Mexico. Using reconstructions of micro-computed tomography data, we reveal the three-dimensional skull osteology of this clade for the first time. The skull presents many archaic anatomical traits unknown in Triassic crown-group reptiles (e.g. absence of bony support for the external ear), whereas other traits (e.g. toothless rostrum, anteriorly directed orbits, inflated endocranium) resemble derived avian theropods. A phylogenetic analysis of Permo-Triassic diapsids supports the hypothesis that drepanosaurs are an archaic lineage that originated in the Permian, far removed from crown- group Reptilia. The phylogenetic position of drepanosaurids indicates the presence of archaic Permian clades among Triassic small reptile assemblages and that morphological convergence produced a remarkably bird-like skull nearly 100 Myr before one is known to have emerged in Theropoda.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170499
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2770, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2770
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 10668 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 307 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 654 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:291/16 |
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MorphoBank Project 2770
MorphoBank Project 2770
- Creation Date:
17 October 2017 - Publication Date:
20 October 2017 - Project views: 22031
- Media downloads: 2
- Matrix downloads: 51
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
- Yale University
- Stony Brook University
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||
Adam Pritchard Project Administrator | 56 | 1 | 1 | 307 | 228 | 0 | 0 | 10668 (10204, 0, 464) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24849' (55 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Petrolacosaurus kansasensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 17 | 272 | 270 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Orovenator mayorum Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 216 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 135 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Shinisaurus crocodilurus Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 13 | 273 | 273 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Iguana iguana Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 11 | 285 | 285 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Uromastyx acanthinura Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 19 | 272 | 272 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 77 | 214 | 214 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Diphydontosaurus avonis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 154 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 104 | 204 | 201 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Clevosaurus brasiliensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 190 | 117 | 115 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Clevosaurus hudsoni Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 70 | 227 | 227 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Protorosaurus speneri Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 62 | 235 | 235 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Pamelaria dolichotrachela Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 110 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 11 | 287 | 286 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Azendohsaurus laaroussi Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 272 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Teraterpeton hrynewichorum Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 168 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Trilophosaurus buettneri Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 8 | 281 | 280 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Trilophosaurus jacobsi Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 134 | 167 | 167 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Prolacerta broomi Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 16 | 287 | 282 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Proterosuchus fergusi Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 36 | 265 | 264 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Proterosuchus yuani Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 81 | 219 | 219 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † TropidostomaZone_Youngina Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 120 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Youngina capensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 32 | 263 | 263 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Mesosuchus browni Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 22 | 277 | 275 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Rhynchosaurus articeps Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 55 | 235 | 235 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Teyumbaita sulcognathus Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 113 | 178 | 178 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Macrocnemus bassanii Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 77 | 225 | 224 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Macrocnemus fuyuanensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 97 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Langobardisaurus pandoflii concatenation Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 136 | 168 | 168 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Tanystropheus longobardicus Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 24 | 277 | 274 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Tanytrachelos ahynis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 130 | 172 | 172 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Amotosaurus rotfeldensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 140 | 164 | 163 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Erythrosuchus africanus Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 48 | 252 | 252 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Euparkeria capensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 58 | 240 | 240 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 43 | 249 | 247 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Coelophysis bauri Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 52 | 226 | 224 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Plateosaurus engelhardti Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 38 | 240 | 239 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Howesia browni Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 184 | 119 | 118 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Claudiosaurus germaini Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 62 | 239 | 238 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Hovasaurus boulei Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 103 | 201 | 199 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Thadeosaurus colcanapi Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 153 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 201 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Coelurosauravus elivensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 147 | 152 | 152 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Weigeltisaurus jaekeli Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 187 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Rautiania spp. Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 223 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Dolabrosaurus aquatilis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 261 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † CoelophysisDrepanosaur Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 202 | 93 | 93 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] GR113 Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 294 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Drepanosaurus unguicaudatus Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 208 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Hypuronector limnaios Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 232 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Icarosaurus siefkeri Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 149 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Kuehneosaurus sp. Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 93 | 209 | 209 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Megalancosaurus preonensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 164 | 140 | 140 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Vallesaurus cenensis Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 185 | 115 | 115 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Boreopricea funerea Last Modified in 10/17/17 | 112 | 189 | 189 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 22031 | |
Project overview | 2226 | |
Matrix views | 1501 | Matrix landing page (1282 views); Phylogenetic Data Matrix (219 views); |
Taxon list | 11020 | |
Media views | 3635 | Media search (2983 views); M462849 (652 views); |
Specimen list | 1761 | |
Bibliography | 797 | |
Views for media list | 1085 | |
Documents list | 6 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 237 | |
Project downloads | 184 | |
Matrix downloads | 51 | Phylogenetic Data Matrix (51 downloads); |
Media downloads | 2 | M462849 (2 downloads); |