Project 2202: A. Ziegler, J. Lenihan, L. G. Zachos, C. Faber, R. Mooi. 2016. Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory’s diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 16 (1):141-166.
Abstract
Several derived sand dollar (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) families are characterized by the presence of Gregory's diverticulum, an accessory organ of the digestive tract. This soft tissue structure is composed of a central tubular caecum that gives off multiple lobes into the periphery of the test. Most notable are the organ's capacity to selectively store sand grains that the animal has taken up from the surrounding sediment as well as the gradual reduction of Gregory's diverticulum during ontogeny. Several aspects of the biology of this structure have remained unexplored, including the organ's precise morphology and structural diversity. In order to provide a concise basis for future histological, physiological, and functional analyses, a comprehensive comparative morphological and phylogenetic study across numerous taxa was undertaken. Taxon sampling comprised over one hundred clypeasteroid species, including various fossil taxa. This extensive dataset permits establishing a concise terminology that incorporates all of the organ's substructures. In addition, three-dimensional models of Gregory's diverticulum are presented that provide an improved spatial understanding of the organ's morphology in situ. The combined data from dissection, X-ray imaging, micro-computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging reveal a previously unknown variability of the structure, which also yields several phylogenetically informative morphological characters. Among those sand dollar families that possess Gregory's diverticulum, the organ is present in two distinct shapes, which can be distinguished by the number, shape, and location of substructures. In addition, the data provide unequivocal evidence that Gregory's diverticulum is absent in the extant taxa Rotulidae and Astriclypeidae, but also in the enigmatic Marginoproctus.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0231-9
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2202, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2202
This project contains |
---|
Download Project SDD File |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 2202
MorphoBank Project 2202
- Creation Date:
24 June 2015 - Publication Date:
04 August 2015 - Project views: 178942
- Media downloads: 77
Authors' Institutions
- Harvard University
- Universitaet Muenster (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)
- University of Mississippi
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (University of Bonn)
- California Academy of Sciences
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes |
Alexander Ziegler Project Administrator | 46 | 95 | 262 | 262 |
Cornelius Faber Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Seth Kaufman | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Jennifer Lenihan Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rich Mooi Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Louis G. Zachos Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Project has no matrices defined.
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 178942 | |
Project overview | 4967 | |
Media views | 105860 | Media search (6691 views); M379914 (671 views); M379917 (714 views); M379948 (590 views); M379933 (585 views); M379929 (645 views); M379920 (766 views); M379919 (705 views); M379950 (590 views); M379943 (638 views); M379939 (602 views); M379930 (630 views); M379944 (633 views); M379956 (682 views); M379945 (608 views); M379923 (659 views); M379922 (738 views); M379927 (626 views); M379951 (619 views); M379935 (622 views); M379938 (617 views); M379924 (654 views); M379958 (808 views); M379953 (650 views); M379947 (634 views); M379931 (634 views); M379955 (594 views); M379954 (603 views); M379942 (608 views); M379926 (611 views); M379932 (640 views); M379940 (646 views); M379925 (617 views); M379941 (626 views); M379918 (675 views); M379949 (625 views); M379936 (632 views); M379960 (578 views); M379937 (607 views); M379957 (628 views); M379921 (634 views); M379959 (588 views); M379928 (606 views); M379934 (628 views); M379952 (602 views); M379946 (620 views); M379994 (566 views); M379971 (536 views); M380011 (530 views); M379998 (541 views); M379989 (518 views); M380008 (519 views); M380013 (621 views); M379974 (535 views); M379975 (527 views); M379962 (563 views); M379990 (555 views); M379985 (500 views); M379977 (531 views); M380014 (597 views); M379995 (669 views); M380007 (538 views); M379983 (517 views); M380015 (524 views); M380003 (634 views); M379973 (516 views); M379979 (590 views); M380002 (560 views); M379963 (565 views); M380000 (546 views); M379992 (515 views); M379970 (577 views); M379978 (512 views); M380012 (533 views); M380009 (528 views); M379968 (533 views); M379965 (538 views); M379982 (507 views); M379967 (523 views); M379997 (516 views); M380157 (325 views); M380076 (313 views); M380036 (325 views); M380149 (316 views); M380145 (301 views); M379993 (581 views); M379988 (551 views); M380001 (603 views); M379987 (538 views); M379976 (540 views); M379964 (572 views); M380010 (514 views); M379999 (530 views); M379986 (537 views); M379980 (582 views); M379984 (511 views); M379996 (500 views); M379972 (491 views); M379961 (551 views); M380006 (510 views); M379991 (591 views); M379981 (626 views); M379969 (531 views); M380004 (645 views); M379966 (552 views); M380005 (569 views); M380024 (287 views); M380174 (301 views); M380077 (278 views); M380143 (295 views); M380042 (313 views); M380168 (303 views); M380038 (330 views); M380153 (289 views); M380017 (308 views); M380159 (307 views); M380029 (307 views); M380033 (317 views); M380075 (312 views); M380026 (290 views); M380090 (305 views); M380053 (291 views); M380068 (336 views); M380066 (306 views); M380052 (291 views); M380170 (300 views); M380169 (302 views); M380166 (309 views); M380059 (305 views); M380063 (339 views); M380073 (293 views); M380146 (309 views); M380016 (293 views); M380070 (314 views); M380049 (305 views); M380067 (305 views); M380046 (320 views); M380064 (302 views); M380043 (290 views); M380051 (313 views); M380035 (303 views); M380028 (293 views); M380155 (298 views); M380019 (312 views); M380037 (291 views); M380151 (299 views); M380065 (325 views); M380156 (287 views); M380055 (300 views); M380158 (284 views); M380048 (314 views); M380160 (301 views); M380056 (303 views); M380018 (293 views); M380148 (304 views); M380032 (323 views); M380161 (291 views); M380060 (300 views); M380147 (299 views); M380165 (307 views); M380171 (305 views); M380034 (312 views); M380022 (318 views); M380284 (326 views); M380286 (328 views); M380324 (43 views); M380273 (287 views); M380282 (286 views); M380309 (44 views); M380297 (41 views); M380269 (332 views); M380316 (34 views); M380271 (309 views); M380315 (48 views); M380321 (34 views); M380311 (41 views); M380320 (45 views); M380178 (335 views); M380283 (315 views); M380296 (42 views); M380303 (45 views); M380300 (34 views); M380177 (456 views); M380080 (299 views); M380144 (289 views); M380074 (308 views); M380054 (309 views); M380079 (315 views); M380050 (309 views); M380142 (332 views); M380164 (293 views); M380072 (324 views); M380163 (309 views); M380173 (274 views); M380058 (288 views); M380152 (311 views); M380081 (309 views); M380167 (301 views); M380027 (279 views); M380020 (310 views); M380069 (318 views); M380041 (312 views); M380172 (290 views); M380021 (304 views); M380150 (309 views); M380057 (299 views); M380039 (312 views); M380040 (307 views); M380047 (295 views); M380045 (304 views); M380031 (331 views); M380154 (295 views); M380025 (290 views); M380071 (315 views); M380030 (289 views); M380078 (323 views); M380044 (304 views); M380062 (318 views); M380023 (295 views); M380061 (327 views); M380162 (307 views); M380308 (37 views); M380314 (40 views); M380289 (37 views); M380291 (56 views); M380272 (325 views); M380301 (41 views); M380287 (312 views); M380279 (378 views); M380298 (49 views); M380280 (322 views); M380294 (42 views); M380304 (38 views); M380306 (48 views); M380179 (341 views); M380175 (293 views); M380307 (44 views); M380288 (349 views); M380295 (37 views); M380318 (36 views); M380319 (29 views); M380281 (334 views); M380323 (36 views); M380310 (54 views); M380285 (310 views); M380313 (42 views); M380275 (318 views); M380325 (43 views); M380278 (338 views); M380302 (44 views); M380290 (40 views); M380274 (303 views); M380292 (39 views); M380305 (35 views); M380277 (335 views); M380293 (43 views); M380312 (57 views); M380299 (33 views); M380276 (320 views); M380270 (354 views); M380322 (45 views); M380317 (39 views); M380176 (325 views); |
Bibliography | 1184 | |
Taxon list | 13579 | |
Specimen list | 53335 | |
Documents list | 17 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 426 | |
Project downloads | 349 | |
Media downloads | 77 | M379919 (3 downloads); M379923 (3 downloads); M379929 (1 download); M380283 (3 downloads); M379996 (1 download); M379917 (1 download); M379918 (1 download); M380301 (3 downloads); M380302 (3 downloads); M380304 (3 downloads); M380305 (3 downloads); M380285 (1 download); M380286 (1 download); M380299 (1 download); M380316 (1 download); M380318 (1 download); M380319 (1 download); M380321 (1 download); M380324 (1 download); M380325 (2 downloads); M379920 (2 downloads); M379921 (2 downloads); M379922 (2 downloads); M379924 (2 downloads); M379926 (1 download); M379977 (1 download); M379976 (1 download); M379975 (1 download); M379974 (1 download); M379973 (1 download); M379972 (1 download); M379971 (1 download); M380048 (1 download); M380049 (1 download); M380050 (1 download); M380051 (1 download); M380052 (1 download); M380053 (1 download); M380054 (1 download); M380282 (1 download); M380281 (1 download); M380280 (1 download); M380279 (1 download); M380278 (1 download); M380277 (1 download); M380276 (1 download); M380275 (1 download); M380274 (1 download); M380273 (1 download); M380272 (1 download); M380271 (1 download); M380270 (1 download); M380269 (1 download); M379997 (1 download); M379998 (2 downloads); M379914 (1 download); M380303 (1 download); |