Project 3172: S. P. Zack. 2018. A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine ‘creodont’ and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology:1-37.
Abstract
An edentulous partial skeleton of a carnivorous mammal from the Uinta Formation (middle Eocene) of Utah is referred to the rare and enigmatic sabre-tooth clade Machaeroidinae primarily on the basis of alveolar patterns and cranial morphology. The newly recognized skeleton includes portions of both girdles, all long bones, and the first known tarsal and phalangeal material of a machaeroidine. The specimen permits a preliminary reconstruction of the locomotor habits of machaeroidines, which appear to have been adapted to scansorial or arboreal rather than terrestrial locomotion. The new material also prompts a review of machaeroidine affinities, which have been unresolved for over a century, with consensus opinion favouring a link to either oxyaenid or limnocyonine hyaenodontid ?creodonts?. Postcranial evidence favours a link to oxyaenids, as machaeroidines share numerous features with oxyaenids that are lacking in hyaenodontids. To test this relationship machaeroidines were included in a phylogenetic analysis broadly sampling early carnivorous eutherians, including members of both ?Creodonta? and Carnivoramorpha. Results place Machaeroidinae within Oxyaenidae, but fail to support either ?creodont? or carnivoramorphan monophyly. Instead, Oxyaenidae is linked with Carnivoraformes, while Viverravidae is basally positioned among carnivorous eutherians. Reconsideration of the character evidence cited in support of Carnivoramorpha indicates that many features are ambiguous in the context of a broad sample of ?creodonts? and early carnivoramorphans. Hyaenodontid monophyly is also not recovered but this likely reflects the influence of one morphologically divergent genus, Arfia.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3172, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3172
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 4952 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 227 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 534 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:225/2 |
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MorphoBank Project 3172
MorphoBank Project 3172
- Creation Date:
10 May 2018 - Publication Date:
18 May 2018 - Project views: 16784
- Matrix downloads: 13
Authors' Institutions
- University of Arizona
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Shawn Zack Project Administrator | 43 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 227 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4952 (4952, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25422' (43 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] OG dummy Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 223 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Protungulatum donnae Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 134 | 93 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Mithrandir gillianus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 91 | 137 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Altacreodus magnus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 180 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Arfia spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 88 | 140 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Prolimnocyon spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 57 | 172 | 170 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Thinocyon spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 30 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Limnocyon spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 32 | 197 | 195 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Galecyon spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 74 | 153 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Prototomus martis Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 117 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Pyrocyon strenuus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 72 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Prototomus phobos Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 104 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Tritemnodon agilis Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 22 | 207 | 205 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Sinopa spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 40 | 191 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Tytthaena parrisi Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 185 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Palaeonictis occidentalis Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 91 | 139 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Dipsalidictis krausei Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 72 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Oxyaena spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 58 | 171 | 169 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Machaeroides spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 88 | 141 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † CM 2386 Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 142 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Ictidopappus mustelinus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 186 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Protictis haydenianus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 173 | 55 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Bryanictis microlestes Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 176 | 54 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Simpsonictis spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 179 | 56 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Viverravus schaffi Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 129 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Viverravus minutus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 144 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Viverravus gracilis Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 89 | 138 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Viverravus acutus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 57 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Didymictis spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 21 | 207 | 206 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Uintacyon gingerichi Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 181 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Uintacyon massetericus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 90 | 139 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Vassacyon promicrodon Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 100 | 132 | 127 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Gracilocyon spp. Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 186 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Dormaalocyon latouri Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 145 | 83 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Vulpavus australis Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 71 | 162 | 156 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Vulpavus ovatus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 132 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Vulpavus profectus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 46 | 183 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Vulpavus palustris Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 188 | 40 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Oodectes jepseni Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 176 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Oodectes herpestoides Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 73 | 154 | 154 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Miacis exiguus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 173 | 57 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Miacis petilus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 116 | 113 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Miacis parvivorus Last Modified in 05/18/18 | 137 | 95 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 16784 | |
Project overview | 1498 | |
Matrix views | 1099 | Matrix landing page (922 views); Carnivorous eutherian phylogeny (177 views); |
Media views | 3136 | Media search (2681 views); M565503 (455 views); |
Taxon list | 7965 | |
Specimen list | 1500 | |
Views for media list | 948 | |
Bibliography | 633 | |
Documents list | 5 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 187 | |
Matrix downloads | 13 | Carnivorous eutherian phylogeny (13 downloads); |
Project downloads | 174 |