Project 632: Klymiuk, A. A., and R. A. Stockey. 2012. A Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) seed cone provides the earliest fossil record for Picea (Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany. 99 (6):1069-1082.
Abstract
• Premise of study: Sequence analyses for Pinaceae have suggested that extant genera diverged in the late Mesozoic. While the fossil record indicates that Pinaceae was highly diverse during the Cretaceous, there are few records of living genera. This description of an anatomically preserved seed cone extends the fossil record for Picea A. Dietrich (Pinaceae) by ∼75 Ma.• Methods: The specimen was collected from the Apple Bay locality of Vancouver Island (Lower Cretaceous, Valanginian) and is described from anatomical sections prepared using cellulose acetate peels. Cladistic analyses of fossil and extant pinaceous seed cones employed parsimony ratchet searches of an anatomical and morphological matrix.• Key results: This new seed cone has a combination of characters shared only with the genus Picea A. Dietr. and is thus described as Picea burtonii Klymiuk et Stockey sp. nov. Bisaccate pollen attributable to Picea is found in the micropyles of several ovules, corroborating the designation of this cone as an early spruce. Cladistic analyses place P. burtonii with extant Picea and an Oligocene representative of the genus. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that Picea is sister to Cathaya Chun et Kuang, and P. burtonii helps to establish a minimum date for this node in hypotheses of conifer phylogeny.• Conclusions: As an early member of the extant genus Picea, this seed cone extends the fossil record of Picea to the Valanginian Stage of the Early Cretaceous, ca. 136 Ma, thereby resolving a ghost lineage predicted by molecular divergence analyses, and offers new insight into the evolution of Pinaceae.Read the article »
| This project contains | Matrices |
|---|---|
| Total scored cells: 3847 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
| Characters | |
| Total characters: 88 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 210 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 |
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MorphoBank Project 632
MorphoBank Project 632
- Creation Date:
23 November 2011 - Publication Date:
11 June 2012 - Project views: 2486
- Project downloads: 41
Members
| member name | taxa |
specimens |
media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
| Ashley Klymiuk Project Administrator Last logged in 06/11/12 | 110 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 88 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 3847 (3780, 0, 67) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Ruth Stockey Full membership Last logged in Never | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1448' (42 Taxa)
| taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
| [1] New taxon 1 Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [2] Sciadopit Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [3] Ced deo Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 2 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [4] Psdlar am Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 3 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [5] Larix dec Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [6] Cathaya argyrophylla Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [7] Abiesfirm Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 5 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [8] Ketel Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [9] Pn thunbe Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 2 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [10] Pstsuga m Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [11] Tsuga mer Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [12] Apple Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [13] Pn arnold Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [14] Pc sitch Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [15] Pc abies Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [16] Pc asper Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [17] Pc crass Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [18] Pc korai Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [19] Pc koya Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [20] Pc meyeri Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [21] Pc obova Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [22] Pc gleh Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [23] Pc jezoe Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [24] Pc engel Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [25] Pc glau Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [26] Pc alcoq Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [27] Pc brach Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [28] Pc maxim Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [29] Pc purp Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [30] Pc orient Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [31] Pc schre Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [32] Pc smith Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [33] Pc brew Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [34] Pc chihua Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [35] Pc wils Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [36] Pc lik Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 2 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [37] Pc mex Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [38] Pc torano Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [39] Pc punge Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [40] Pc maria Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [41] Pc omo Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [42] Pc ruben Last Modified in 11/23/11 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1574' (52 Taxa)
| taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
| [1] Sciadopitys verticillata Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [2] Pc abies Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [3] Cathaya argyrophylla Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 8 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [4] cedrus Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [5] Cryptomeria japonica Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [6] keteleeria Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [7] larix Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [8] Obirastrobus kokubunii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [9] Obirastrobus nihongii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [10] Pararaucaria patagonica Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 5 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [11] picea Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [12] Pinus belgica Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [13] Pinus nelsonii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 1 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [14] Pinus ponderosa Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [15] Pityostrobus andraei Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 7 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [16] Pityostrobus argonnensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 5 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [17] Pityostrobus beardii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 7 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [18] Pityostrobus bernissartensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [19] Pityostrobus californiensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [20] Pityostrobus cliffwoodensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 9 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [21] Pityostrobus corneti Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [22] Pityostrobus hallii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 5 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [23] Pityostrobus hautrageanus Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 7 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [24] Pityostrobus hokodzensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [25] Pityostrobus hueberi Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 1 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [26] Pityostrobus jacksonii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 10 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [27] Pityostrobus kayeii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [28] Pityostrobus leckenbyi Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 5 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [29] Pityostrobus lynnii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 7 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [30] Pityostrobus macrocephalus Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 11 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [31] Pityostrobus makahensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [32] Pityostrobus matsubarae Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [33] Pityostrobus mcmurrayensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 9 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [34] Pityostrobus milleri Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 8 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [35] Pityostrobus oblongus Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [36] Pityostrobus palmeri Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [37] Pityostrobus pubescens Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 5 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [38] Pityostrobus ramentosa Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 7 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [39] Pityostrobus shastaensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 12 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [40] Pityostrobus villerotensis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [41] Pityostrobus virginiana Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [42] Pseudoaraucaria arnoldii Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [43] Pseudoaraucaria benstedi Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 18 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [44] Pseudoaraucaria gibbosa Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [45] Pseudoaraucaria heeri Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [46] Pseudoaraucaria loppineti Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 5 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [47] Pseudoaraucaria major Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 4 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [48] Pseudolarix amabilis Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 2 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [49] pseudotsuga Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [50] tsuga Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [51] Picea diettertiana Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 1 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [52] Picea burtonii sp. nov. Last Modified in 03/02/12 | 1 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
| type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
| Total project views | 2486 | |
| Project overview | 358 | |
| Matrix views | 210 | Matrix landing page (182 views); Seed Cone Morphology (Picea) (14 views); Fossil and Extant Pinaceous Seed Cones (14 views); |
| Media views | 626 | Media search (518 views); M96978 (108 views); |
| Specimen list | 301 | |
| Taxon list | 851 | |
| Bibliography | 140 |
Project downloads
| type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
| Total downloads from project | 41 | |
| Media downloads | 19 | M96978 (19 downloads); |
| Matrix downloads | 2 | Fossil and Extant Pinaceous Seed Cones (1 download); Seed Cone Morphology (Picea) (1 download); |
| Project downloads | 20 |