Project 632: A. A. Klymiuk, R. A. Stockey. 2012. A Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) seed cone provides the earliest fossil record forPicea(Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany. 99 (6):1069-1082.
Abstract
• Premise of study: Sequence analyses for Pinaceae have suggested that extant genera diverged in the late Mesozoic. While the fossil record indicates that Pinaceae was highly diverse during the Cretaceous, there are few records of living genera. This description of an anatomically preserved seed cone extends the fossil record for Picea A. Dietrich (Pinaceae) by ∼75 Ma.• Methods: The specimen was collected from the Apple Bay locality of Vancouver Island (Lower Cretaceous, Valanginian) and is described from anatomical sections prepared using cellulose acetate peels. Cladistic analyses of fossil and extant pinaceous seed cones employed parsimony ratchet searches of an anatomical and morphological matrix.• Key results: This new seed cone has a combination of characters shared only with the genus Picea A. Dietr. and is thus described as Picea burtonii Klymiuk et Stockey sp. nov. Bisaccate pollen attributable to Picea is found in the micropyles of several ovules, corroborating the designation of this cone as an early spruce. Cladistic analyses place P. burtonii with extant Picea and an Oligocene representative of the genus. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that Picea is sister to Cathaya Chun et Kuang, and P. burtonii helps to establish a minimum date for this node in hypotheses of conifer phylogeny.• Conclusions: As an early member of the extant genus Picea, this seed cone extends the fossil record of Picea to the Valanginian Stage of the Early Cretaceous, ca. 136 Ma, thereby resolving a ghost lineage predicted by molecular divergence analyses, and offers new insight into the evolution of Pinaceae.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100568
Project DOI: 10.7934/P632, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P632
| This project contains | Matrices |
|---|---|
Download Project SDD File  | Total scored cells: 3847 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
| Characters | |
| Total characters: 88 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 210 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:88/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 632
MorphoBank Project 632
- Creation Date:
23 November 2011 - Publication Date:
11 June 2012 - Project views: 33097
- Matrix downloads: 58
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Oregon State University
- University of Alberta
- University of Kansas
Members
| member name | taxa |
specimens |
media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
| Ashley Klymiuk Project Administrator | 110 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 88 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 3847 (3780, 0, 67) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Ruth Stockey Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1448' (42 Taxa)
| taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
| [1] New taxon 1 Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [2] Sciadopit Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [3] Ced deo Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [4] Psdlar am Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [5] Larix dec Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [6] Cathaya argyrophylla Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [7] Abiesfirm Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [8] Ketel Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [9] Pn thunbe Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [10] Pstsuga m Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [11] Tsuga mer Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [12] Apple Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [13] Pn arnold Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [14] Pc sitch Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [15] Pc abies Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [16] Pc asper Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [17] Pc crass Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [18] Pc korai Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [19] Pc koya Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [20] Pc meyeri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [21] Pc obova Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [22] Pc gleh Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [23] Pc jezoe Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [24] Pc engel Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [25] Pc glau Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [26] Pc alcoq Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [27] Pc brach Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [28] Pc maxim Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [29] Pc purp Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [30] Pc orient Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [31] Pc schre Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [32] Pc smith Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [33] Pc brew Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [34] Pc chihua Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [35] Pc wils Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [36] Pc lik Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [37] Pc mex Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [38] Pc torano Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [39] Pc punge Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [40] Pc maria Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [41] Pc omo Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [42] Pc ruben Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1574' (52 Taxa)
| taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
| [1] Sciadopitys verticillata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [2] Pc abies Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 59 | 52 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [3] Cathaya argyrophylla Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 8 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [4] cedrus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 55 | 52 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [5] Cryptomeria japonica Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [6] keteleeria Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 54 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [7] larix Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 61 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [8] Obirastrobus kokubunii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 52 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [9] Obirastrobus nihongii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [10] Pararaucaria patagonica Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 37 | 36 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [11] picea Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 61 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [12] Pinus belgica Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [13] Pinus nelsonii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [14] Pinus ponderosa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [15] Pityostrobus andraei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [16] Pityostrobus argonnensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [17] Pityostrobus beardii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [18] Pityostrobus bernissartensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [19] Pityostrobus californiensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [20] Pityostrobus cliffwoodensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [21] Pityostrobus corneti Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [22] Pityostrobus hallii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [23] Pityostrobus hautrageanus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [24] Pityostrobus hokodzensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [25] Pityostrobus hueberi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [26] Pityostrobus jacksonii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [27] Pityostrobus kayeii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [28] Pityostrobus leckenbyi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [29] Pityostrobus lynnii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 48 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [30] Pityostrobus macrocephalus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 11 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [31] Pityostrobus makahensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [32] Pityostrobus matsubarae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [33] Pityostrobus mcmurrayensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [34] Pityostrobus milleri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 8 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [35] Pityostrobus oblongus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [36] Pityostrobus palmeri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 52 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [37] Pityostrobus pubescens Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [38] Pityostrobus ramentosa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [39] Pityostrobus shastaensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 12 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [40] Pityostrobus villerotensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [41] Pityostrobus virginiana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [42] Pseudoaraucaria arnoldii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [43] Pseudoaraucaria benstedi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 18 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [44] Pseudoaraucaria gibbosa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [45] Pseudoaraucaria heeri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [46] Pseudoaraucaria loppineti Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [47] Pseudoaraucaria major Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [48] Pseudolarix amabilis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [49] pseudotsuga Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 56 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [50] tsuga Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 59 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [51] Picea diettertiana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [52] Picea burtonii sp. nov. Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
| type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
| Total project views | 33097 | |
| Project overview | 4238 | |
| Media views | 6597 | Media search (5704 views); M96978 (893 views); |
| Specimen list | 3366 | |
| Taxon list | 13538 | |
| Bibliography | 2127 | |
| Matrix views | 3222 | Matrix landing page (2500 views); Seed Cone Morphology (Picea) (351 views); Fossil and Extant Pinaceous Seed Cones (371 views); |
| Documents list | 7 | |
| Views for media list | 2 |
Project downloads
| type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
| Total downloads from project | 415 | |
| Matrix downloads | 58 | Fossil and Extant Pinaceous Seed Cones (27 downloads); Seed Cone Morphology (Picea) (31 downloads); |
| Project downloads | 357 |