Project 216: R. S. Voss, S. A. Jansa. 2009. Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification of Didelphid Marsupials, an Extant Radiation of New World Metatherian Mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 322:1-177.
Abstract
This report summarizes a decade of morphological and molecular research on the phylogenetic relationships of didelphid marsupials (opossums), a substantially intact radiation of New World metatherian mammals. We review the comparative morphology of Recent opossums, emphasizing those anatomical systems from which taxonomically useful information is available for the majority of living genera and species, namely the integument, cranium, and dentition. Morphological similarities and differences among didelphids and other plesiomorphic marsupials (caenolestids, microbiotheriids, dasyurids, and peramelids) are also described. These observations, representing evolved differences in diverse functional-morphological systems, together with karyotypic information gleaned from the literature, provide the basis for coding 129 phylogenetic characters that we scored for 44 ingroup and 7 outgroup taxa.Published information about the size, internal organization, chromosomal location, and physiological properties of five nuclear genes (BRCA1, DMP1, IRBP, RAG1, vWF) sequenced for this study suggest that these loci are unlinked, exist as single copies, are active in different tissues, and encode protein products with widely divergent functions. All of the sequenced fragments are long (>900 bp), free of alignment ambiguities, and translate to open reading frame. Nucleotide data from a total of 7320 aligned sites were obtained from 43 ingroup and 7 outgroup taxa.Separate parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of these six data partitions (morphology + karyotypes, five genes) resulted in highly congruent estimates of didelphid phylogeny with few examples of conflict among strongly supported nodes. Analyses of concatenated sequences and combined (nonmolecular + sequence) datasets effectively summarize all of the common signal recovered from separate analyses: a completely resolved ingroup phylogeny with high support statistics at most nodes. Remaining problems (not conclusively resolved in this study) include the position of the ingroup root and the relationships of three genera (Chacodelphys, Cryptonanus, Tlacuatzin) within their respective suprageneric clades.The history of didelphid classification is reviewed, and all previous systems are found to contain nonmonophyletic groups. A revised phylogenetic classification consistent with our analytic results includes the following higher taxa: Glironiinae (for Glironia), Caluromyinae (Caluromys and Caluromysiops), Hyladelphinae (Hyladelphys), Didelphinae (Marmosini, Metachirini, Didelphini, and Thylamyini), Marmosini (Marmosa, Monodelphis, and Tlacuatzin), Metachirini (Metachirus), Didelphini (Chironectes, Didelphis, Lutreolina, and Philander), and Thylamyini (Chacodelphys, Cryptonanus, Gracilinanus, Lestodelphys, Marmosops, and Thylamys). The probable relationships of several Neogene fossil genera is also discussed. To facilitate identifications, all Recent genera are redescribed, representative crania are illustrated, and a key is provided.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P216, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P216
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 6447 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 129 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 296 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:129/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 216
MorphoBank Project 216
- Creation Date:
07 August 2008 - Publication Date:
27 April 2011 - Project views: 33967
- Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 82
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Minnesota
- American Museum of Natural History
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||
Robert Voss Project Administrator | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6447 (6348, 0, 99) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M600' (51 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Caluromys lanatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 129 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Caluromys philander Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Caluromysiops irrupta Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 6 | 122 | 121 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Chacodelphys formosa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 17 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Chironectes minimus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Cryptonanus chacoensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Cryptonanus unduaviensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 8 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Didelphis albiventris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Didelphis marsupialis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Didelphis virginiana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Glironia venusta Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 121 | 120 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Gracilinanus aceramarcae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Gracilinanus agilis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Gracilinanus emiliae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Gracilinanus microtarsus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 6 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Hyladelphys kalinowskii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 124 | 123 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Lestodelphys halli Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 127 | 126 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Lutreolina crassicaudata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Marmosa lepida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Marmosa mexicana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Marmosa murina Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Marmosa robinsoni Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Marmosa rubra Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 8 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Marmosops impavidus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Marmosops incanus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 126 | 125 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Marmosops noctivagus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 127 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Marmosops parvidens Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Marmosops pinheiroi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Metachirus nudicaudatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Micoureus demerarae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Micoureus paraguayanus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Micoureus regina Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Monodelphis brevicaudata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 126 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Monodelphis emiliae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 126 | 124 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Monodelphis peruviana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Monodelphis theresa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 11 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Philander frenata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 128 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Philander mcilhennyi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Philander opossum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Thylamys macrurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Thylamys pallidior Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Thylamys pusillus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 127 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Thylamys venustus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] Tlacuatzin canescens Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] Caenolestes fuliginosus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 8 | 113 | 112 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] Rhyncholestes raphanurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 112 | 110 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] Murexia longicaudata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 124 | 123 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] Sminthopsis crassicaudata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] Dromiciops gliroides Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] Echymipera kalubu Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] Perameles gunnii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 33967 | |
Project overview | 4929 | |
Matrix views | 2806 | Matrix landing page (2449 views); Nonmolecular data matrix (357 views); |
Media views | 6583 | M106517 (1232 views); Media search (5351 views); |
Taxon list | 15083 | |
Specimen list | 3313 | |
Bibliography | 1248 | |
Documents list | 5 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 461 | |
Matrix downloads | 82 | Nonmolecular data matrix (82 downloads); |
Project downloads | 378 | |
Media downloads | 1 | M106517 (1 download); |