Project 2144: Thomas E. Williamson, Stephen L. Brusatte, Gregory P. Wilson. 2014. The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record. ZooKeys. 465:1-76.
Abstract
Metatherians, which comprise marsupials and their closest fossil relatives, were one of the most dominant clades of mammals during the Cretaceous and are the most diverse clade of living mammals after Placentalia. Our understanding of this group has increased greatly over the past 20 years, with the discovery of new specimens and the application of new analytical tools. Here we provide a review of the phylogenetic relationships of metatherians with respect to other mammals, discuss the taxonomic definition and diagnosis of Metatheria, outline the Cretaceous history of major metatherian clades, describe the paleobiology, biogeography, and macroevolution of Cretaceous metatherians, and provide a physical and climatic background of Cretaceous metatherian faunas. Metatherians are a clade of boreosphendian mammals that must have originated by the Late Jurassic, but the first unequivocal metatherian fossil is from the Early Cretaceous of Asia. Metatherians have the distinctive tightly interlocking occlusal molar pattern of tribosphenic mammals, but differ from Eutheria in their dental formula and tooth replacement pattern, which may be related to the metatherian reproductive process which includes an extended period of lactation followed by birth of extremely altricial young. Metatherians were widespread over Laurasia during the Cretaceous, with members present in Asia, Europe, and North America by the early Late Cretaceous. In particular, they were taxonomically and morphologically diverse and relatively abundant in the Late Cretaceous of western North America, where they have been used to examine patterns of biogeography, macroevolution, diversification, and extinction through the Late Cretaceous and across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Metatherian diversification patterns suggest that they were not strongly affected by a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, but they clearly underwent a severe extinction across the K-Pg boundary.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.465.8178
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2144, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2144
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 6895 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 124 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 283 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:124/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 2144
MorphoBank Project 2144
- Creation Date:
30 March 2015 - Publication Date:
22 May 2015 - Project views: 41349
- Matrix downloads: 10
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
- University of Edinburgh
- University of Washington
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 109 | 0 | 0 | 124 | 0 | 0 | 6895 (6536, 0, 359) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M23277' (109 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Vincelestes neuquenianus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 6 | 90 | 87 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Kielantherium gobiense Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 57 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Potamotelses aquilensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 62 | 48 | 47 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Juramaia sinensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Prokennalestes trofimovi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 22 | 96 | 95 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Ukhaatherium nessovi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 48 | 70 | 69 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Asioryctes nemegetensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 9 | 109 | 108 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Adelodelphys muizoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 72 | 42 | 39 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Aenigmadelphys archeri Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 57 | 61 | 56 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Albertatherium primum Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 79 | 45 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Albertatherium secundum Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 81 | 37 | 33 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Alphadon attaragos Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 63 | 61 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Alphadon eatoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 100 | 24 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Alphadon halleyi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 45 | 81 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Alphadon marshi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 56 | 68 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Alphadon perexiguus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 63 | 61 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Alphadon sahnii Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 64 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Alphadon wilsoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 65 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Anchistodelphys archibaldi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 65 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Anchistodelphys delicatus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 78 | 36 | 34 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Apistodon exiguus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 80 | 44 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Aquiladelphis laurae Last Modified in 05/22/15 | 90 | 33 | 31 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Aquiladelphis incus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 65 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Aquiladelphis minor Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 66 | 57 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Arcantiodelphys marchandi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 79 | 43 | 41 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Armintodelphys blacki Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 100 | 25 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Armintodelphys dawsoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 62 | 62 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Asiatherium reshetovi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 29 | 86 | 78 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Atokatheridium boreni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Bistius bondi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 83 | 41 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Copedelphys innominata Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 65 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Dakotadens morrowi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 67 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Deltatheridium pretrituberculare Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 12 | 99 | 92 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Deltatheroides cretacicus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 69 | 45 | 43 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Didelphis virginiana Last Modified in 03/31/15 | 45 | 80 | 77 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Didelphodon coyi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 54 | 64 | 56 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Didelphodon padanicus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 99 | 25 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Didelphodon vorax Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 11 | 108 | 98 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Ectocentrocristus foxi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 74 | 50 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Eoalphadon clemensi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 67 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Eoalphadon lillegraveni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 62 | 64 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Eoalphadon woodburnei Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 63 | 61 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Eodelphis browni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 40 | 78 | 74 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Eodelphis cutleri Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 55 | 63 | 57 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Esteslestes ensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 100 | 24 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Glasbius intricatus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 56 | 69 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Glasbius twitchelli Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 47 | 77 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Hatcheritherium alpha Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 86 | 38 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Golerdelphys stocki Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Herpetotherium comstocki Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 65 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Herpetotherium edwardi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 66 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Herpetotherium fugax Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 48 | 76 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Herpetotherium knighti Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 56 | 69 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Herpetotherium marsupium Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 54 | 71 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Herpetotherium valens Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 118 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Holoclemensia texana Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Iqualadelphis lactea Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 79 | 39 | 35 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Iugomortiferum thoringtoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 63 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Kokopellia juddi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 48 | 66 | 58 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Leptalestes cooki Last Modified in 05/22/15 | 60 | 55 | 51 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Leptalestes krejcii Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 55 | 60 | 55 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † Leptalestes prokrejcii Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 61 | 54 | 50 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Leptalestes toevsi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 70 | 47 | 41 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Maastrichtidelphys meurismeti Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 85 | 39 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Mimoperadectes houdei Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 74 | 51 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Mimoperadectes labrus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 55 | 70 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Nanocuris improvida Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 56 | 55 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Nortedelphys intermedius Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 63 | 61 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] † Nortedelphys jasoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 57 | 67 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] † Nortedelphys magnus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 56 | 68 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] † Nortedelphys minimus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 82 | 42 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] † Oklatheridium szalayi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 72 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Pappotherium pattersoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 61 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] † Pariadens kirklandi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 62 | 62 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] † Pariadens mckennai Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 105 | 19 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] † Pediomys elegans Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 24 | 99 | 94 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] † Peradectes californicus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 56 | 61 | 57 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] † Peradectes chesteri Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 55 | 54 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] † Peradectes elegans Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 53 | 72 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] † Peradectes gulottai Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 76 | 42 | 41 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] † Peradectes coproxeches Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 57 | 68 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] † Peradectes minor Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 55 | 69 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] † Peradectes pauli Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 100 | 24 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] † Peradectes protinnominatus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 66 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] † Protalphadon foxi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 80 | 47 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] † Protalphadon lulli Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 67 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] † Protolambda clemensi Last Modified in 05/22/15 | 59 | 55 | 51 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[88] † Protolambda florencae Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 55 | 51 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[89] † Protolambda hatcheri Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 53 | 62 | 56 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[90] † Pucadelphys andinus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 8 | 116 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[91] † Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 55 | 69 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[92] † Sinbadelphys schmidti Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 58 | 56 | 51 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[93] † Sulestes karakshi Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 25 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[94] † Swaindelphys cifellii Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 57 | 67 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[95] † Swaindelphys encinensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 57 | 67 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[96] † Swaindelphys johansoni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 52 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[97] † Szalinia gracilis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 50 | 75 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[98] † Thylacodon pusillus holotype Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 104 | 20 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[99] † Thylacodon pusillus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 56 | 68 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[100] † Thylacodon montanensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 53 | 71 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[101] † Turgidodon lillegraveni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 81 | 43 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[102] † Turgidodon madseni Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 64 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[103] † Turgidodon petiminis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 64 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[104] † Turgidodon praesagus Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 59 | 66 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[105] † Turgidodon rhaister Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 36 | 88 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[106] † Turgidodon russelli Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 50 | 76 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[107] † Varalphadon crebreforme Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 79 | 39 | 36 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[108] † Varalphadon creber Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 79 | 45 | 40 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[109] † Varalphadon wahweapensis Last Modified in 05/21/15 | 60 | 64 | 57 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 41349 | |
Project overview | 3893 | |
Taxon list | 21068 | |
Media views | 6143 | Media search (5357 views); M377900 (786 views); |
Matrix views | 2544 | Matrix landing page (2223 views); K-T marsupials (321 views); |
Documents list | 2060 | |
Specimen list | 2681 | |
Views for media list | 1746 | |
Bibliography | 1214 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 355 | |
Matrix downloads | 10 | K-T marsupials (10 downloads); |
Project downloads | 345 |